Contributors

With a broad range of mitigation and adaptation options available to avoid or reduce current and future adverse impacts of climate change on human health, tackling climate change could be the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century.

Future threats require an integrated approach to the health of humans, animals and the environment.

Technological advances have ushered a paradigm shift in the understanding, detection and management of prostate cancer in Australia.

Myocarditis in adolescents and young adults following the administration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mRNA vaccines has been reported.

At the time of diagnosis, 95% of women have no distant metastases (DM) and their long term survival is high. However, DM can develop later, even years after completing primary treatment.

Pregnant women are at higher risk of severe illness from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) than non‐pregnant women of a similar age. Early in the COVID‐19 pandemic, it was clear that evidenced‐based guidance was needed, and that it would need to be upda

COPD‐X provides quarterly updates in COPD care and is published by the Lung Foundation Australia and the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand.

Observed trends from ED presentations relating to seafarers and suggested interventions to improve their quality and safety.

Early detection and management of prostate cancer has evolved over the past decade, with a focus now on harm minimisation and reducing overdiagnosis and overtreatment, given the proven improvements in survival from randomised controlled trials.

This consensus statement of Australian clinicians provides new recommendations for the pharmacological management of heart failure based on studies reported since the publication of the 2018 Australian heart failure guidelines.

Adherence to the protocol is important for protecting the scientific integrity of a trial from decisions that may introduce bias if inappropriately informed by unblinded outcomes data.

The COVID‐19 pandemic has revealed that social connection and social factors are critical for the mental health of young people.

The convergence of excessive heat, poor housing, energy insecurity and chronic disease has reached critical levels.

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first described case of Japanese encephalitis in a Victorian infant, reflecting a growing epidemic involving spread to new regions of Australia.

The search for a cost‐effective Australian model of comprehensive, coordinated patient‐centred care that improves outcomes continues.

Australia is in the middle of what is being called an unprecedented outbreak of the mosquito borne Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).

Continuity of care has long been regarded as a core characteristic of general practice.

In the Northern Territory, life expectancy increased more rapidly for Indigenous than non-Indigenous people during 1999–2018, but the gap in life expectancy between the two groups remains considerable.

Building resilience to environmental disasters requires transformative action to tackle climate change and health inequities.

Atopic dermatitis is characterised by itch (pruritus), characteristic morphology and distribution, a chronic relapsing course, and high personal and social disease burden.

The Australian and New Zealand living stroke management guidelines provide timely, evidence‐based updates to recommendations.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in Australia, affecting 11% of the population.

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer globally, accounting for 11.4% of all cancers and it kills more than any other, claiming 18% of all cancer deaths.

Lung cancer treatments and outcomes are changing, but survival remains a challenge.

COVID‐19 has challenged and tested Australian general practice while reinforcing its centrality and potential.

Cholecystectomy during the index (first) admission of people with mild gallstone pancreatitis is recommended by international guidelines.

Five‐year survival for people with acute leukaemia in South Australia continuously improved during 1980–2016, and socio‐economic status and remoteness did not influence survival.

There is global recognition of the harms caused by conversion practices.

Both formal and informal conversion practices can be traumatic for LGBTQA+ people who are exposed to them.

Immediate and urgent planning is needed to help disadvantaged and vulnerable communities recover from COVID and Long COVID.

The pandemic will be with us for a long time; we need to engage with its inequities.

Rheumatic heart disease is emblematic of closing the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.

The rates of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in the Northern Territory are among the highest in the world.

CTE is caused by repetitive brain injuries and concussions, and can have dire consequences such as mental health problems and dementia.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy caused by repetitive head injury.

Without the appropriate training and guidelines, the rapid transition to telemedicine risks lowering the quality of diagnostic care during a medical visit.

Many excellent guidelines exist on the logistics of performing a virtual visit, reviewing the use of appropriate technology, the protection of patient privacy, and the suitability of determining appropriate patients for a telehealth visit.

Clinicians, the experts in care delivery, are well placed to drive health system improvements.

Three‐dimensional printing or additive manufacturing has the potential to transform personalised medicine.

Improving patient management is the goal of all physicians and this 5th edition of the American Medical Association’s standard guide is designed to help you achieve that end.

Alcohol offers a mixed legacy to our society, having long been used in a broad range of social, cultural and religious contexts.

Adj A/Prof James Branley and A/Prof Lucy Morgan discuss the early treatment of COVID-19.

Professor Patrick McGorry presents the realities of youth mental health in Australia and what urgent action needs to be taken.

The transition to adulthood is the peak period for the onset of the mental and substance use disorders that have serious impacts on the productive years of adult life.

Hypertension control rates in Australia urgently need improvement.

A national commitment to improved blood pressure control would lead to significant health and economic gains.

Dr Norman Swan is producer and presenter of the ABC's Health Report, and the Coronacast podcast.

View the MJA calendar of conferences in Australia and New Zealand for 2022.

Dowry abuse is fundamentally driven by gender inequality and is a lesser known form of family violence in Australia.

The fourth annual assessment of Australia’s exposure, vulnerability and response to climate change finds us continuing to lag behind the rest of the world.

When a young person seeks COVID-19 vaccination against parental wishes, should the young person’s request be respected?

Community-based studies in five countries show consistent strong benefits from early rollouts of COVID-19 vaccines.

This MJA podcast explores new living guidelines for the clinical care of children and teenagers with COVID-19.

Older people living with frailty or cognitive impairment and people with advanced life‐limiting illnesses needing palliative care may be at risk of poorer outcomes and more serious illness, associated with multiple underlying clinical conditions.

The NHMRC is responsible for developing guidelines on a wide range of public, clinical and environmental health issues. Since 1987 this has included guidelines on reducing the health risks of alcohol, with the latest revision released in 2020.

The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection are different in children and adolescents compared with adults.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is commonly encountered in primary care and is associated with significant morbidity that extends beyond the skin manifestations.

Prostate cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer death among Australian men.

Sexual dysfunction is a frequent, potentially distressing, adverse effect of antidepressants and a leading cause of medication non-adherence.

Gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR) in infancy is common, physiological and self‐limiting.

Migraine affects over a billion people worldwide in any year and is the second most common cause of years lost due to disability.

Treatment options for type 2 diabetes have expanded.

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is an uncommon but life‐threatening infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis.

In remote communities across the Northern Territory of Australia, only one in ten Aboriginal children younger than 3 years has healthy ears.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths both globally and in Australia.

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) cause significant morbidity and premature mortality among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Paracetamol is a common agent taken in deliberate self‐poisoning and in accidental overdose in adults and children. Paracetamol poisoning is the commonest cause of severe acute liver injury.

Adjuvant endocrine therapy improves oncological outcomes in women with oestrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer, but can accelerate bone loss, which predisposes to increased fracture risk.

Gender‐affirming hormone therapy is effective and, in the short term, relatively safe with appropriate monitoring.

In Australia, mental health conditions arising as a result of work factors are a leading cause of long-term work incapacity and absenteeism.

An evidence-based overview of the use of Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in clinical practice.

Review of the epidemiology of HPeV in Australia since 2013 and provides guidance to clinicians on the management of suspected infection.

Epidemiology of Barrett’s oesophagus and its relationship to cancer.

Review of current international guidelines and the recent literature, and recommended approach for Australian practitioners.

Highlights of the growing demand for the diagnosis and treatment according to the protocols of the “chronic Lyme disease” school of thought.

Investigation into the factors that contribute to acne, particularly the role of diet.

New evidence-based standards of care established to improve patient survival, reduce the burden of disease for patients and their carers, and enhance quality of life.

An overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis and management of this disorder, based on a synthesis of relevant evidence from PubMed-listed articles.

A summary of important conditions, in order of urgency of treatment, for non-ophthalmologists who are involved in the management of patients with rheumatic diseases.

An explanation that even minor minimal trauma fractures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

A discussion of breast cancer prevention strategies.

Recent advances in the management of familial hypercholesterolaemia, and the implications for both primary and secondary care.

Supportive care that can aid in the management of a range of problems that are experienced after a diagnosis of breast cancer.

A focus on tick-borne infections and other medical problems caused by tick bites.

An evidence-based overview of PAH treatment as applied to clinical practice.

Examination of the range of problems that may be encountered with preparations containing herbal materials.

A digest of the Australian clinical guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndrome 2016 by the National Heart Foundation of Australia and Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand.

Presentation of the MJA article, Relieving the Pressure: new Australian hypertension guideline, MJA 205 (2) 18 July 2016.

A digest of the National Heart Foundation of Australia's Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hypertension in adults (2016).